Effect of artificial soil compaction in landfill capping systems on anisotropy of air-permeability
Steffen Beck-Broichsitter (1), Heiner Fleige (2), Horst H. Gerke (1), and Rainer Horn (2)
(1) Research Area 1 ‘‘Landscape Functioning’’, Working Group ‘‘Hydropedology’’, Leibniz Centre of Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF),Germany
(2) Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Germany Abstract
Soil air permeability is an important parameter which governs the aeration in soils that significantly promotes the root growth of field and grassland species and leads, in turn, to higher levels of evapotranspiration. The German Landfill Directive (2009) requires a rigid or a minimal shrinking capping system that ensures a high evapotranspiration rate to decrease the infiltration rate through the underlying waste body and therefore the leachate generation. This research is focussed on the questions if compacted glacial till can ensure the required rigidity and if and how air permeability is affected by soil compaction.
The objective was to compare air-filled porosity and the direction-dependency of air permeability of a capping soil when assuming rigid and non-rigid conditions considering a shrinkage factor. Intact soil cores were sampled in vertical and horizontal direction in 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 m depths at two profiles of a mineral landfill capping system at the Rastorf landfill in Northern Germany. Desiccation experiments were carried out on differently-compacted soils and soil shrinkage was measured with a 3D laser triangulation device, while the air permeability was estimated with an air flow meter.
The results indicate that the ‘‘engineered’’ soil structure which was predominately platy due to a layered installation, led to a more anisotropic behaviour and therefore to higher air permeability in horizontal than in vertical direction. The compacted installation of the capping system seems to be effective and observes the statutory required more-or-less rigid system, otherwise, soil shrinkage would lead to vertical cracks and a more pronounced isotropic behaviour. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2020, 000, 1–11 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201900281
Registration and workshop fee:
With registration the fee is 225 € for full registration and 150 € for students (75 € / 50 € for one day).
The workshop fee includes lunches, coffee and cake and the participation of the Bavarian evening.
Program -UPDATE-
Wednesday, March 18th
09:00 – 10:00 REGISTRATION 10:00 WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION Sascha Reth, UGT, Germany 10:15 LYSIMETERS AND ECOTRONS – OVERVIEW AND CASE STUDIES
Sascha Reth, UGT, Germany 11:00 COFFEE BREAK
11:30 LYSIMETERS – LOWER BOUNDARY AND SOIL MONOLOTH EXCAVATION
Stefan Engelhardt, UGT, Germany 12:15 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS AT LYSIMETER RESEARCH
Christian Heerdt, UGT, Germany 13:00 LUNCH 14:00 DUAL-POINT-DENDROMETER – TRACKING GROWTH, WATER STATUS, AND OSMOTIC PROCESSES IN TREES
Roman Zweifel, Zweifel Consulting, Switzerland 14:30 CONCEPT OF A COMBINED HYDROLOGICAL AND TREE PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING AT CORE LEVEL II PLOTS IN BAVARIA Stephan Raspe, Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Germany 15:00 COFFEE BREAK 15:30 APPLICATIONS IN MONITORING PLANT WATER STATUS USING SAP FLOW AND WATER POTENTIAL Ben Umali, ICT International, Australia 16:15 INSTALLATION OF SAPFLOW AND PSYCHROMETER SENSORS 19:00 BARVARIAN EVENING OPENING WITH BRASS ENSEMBLE, MUSIC SCHOOL FREISING
Thursday, March 19th
09:00 INFUENCES OF GREEN ROOFS – A COMPARISON TO CONVENTIONAL ROOFS Johannes Haus, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Germany 9:30 FLUX ESTIMATES AT THE DRY SIDE OF THE WATER CYCLE – OBSERVATIONS FROM LYSIMETER STATIONS IN A MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEM Sinikka Paulus, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Germany 10:00 IMPROVING BIOENERGY YIELD UNDER DROUGHT STRESS FROM FIELD TO LAB
Esther Singer, EcoPOD Science Program Lead in Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Berkeley, USA 10:30 COFFEE BREAK
George Kowalchuk, Utrecht University, Netherlands 11:30 LYSIMETER STUDY ON TRANSPORT AND DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR OF POLYFLUOROALKYLSUBSTANCES
Ann-Sophie Heldele, Bavarian Environment Agency, Germany 12:00 LUNCH 13:00 SOIL PROCESSES AFFECTED BY IRRIGATION WITH EITHER TREATED OR UNTREATED WASTEWATER IRRIGATION: A LYSIMETER EXPERIMENT IN MEXICO
Christina Siebe, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico 13:30 Soil HYDRAULIC LIMITATIONS TO TRANSPIRATION Andrea Carminati, Mutez Ahmed, Gaochao Cai, University of Bayreuth, Germany 14:15 COFFEE BREAK
Field tripp (outdoor shoes required): 14:45 DEMONSTRATION OF UNDISTURBED EXCAVATION OF MONOLITHS AND READY-TO-GO INSTALLATION 16:15 JOINT TOUR: THE NEW ECOLAB AND MODERN LAB LYSIMETER 17:30 BEER & BREZN
Friday, March 20th
9:00 IoT SYSTEMS FOR SOIL, PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Sam Fisher, ICT International, Australia 9:45 CONFIGURING IoT NODES AND NETWORKS
Toby Partridge, ICT International, Australia 10:30 COFFEE BREAK
11:00 COOLING URBAN HEAT ISLANDS – MEASUREMENTS ON THE THERMAL REGULATION EFFECTS OF URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Laura Stratopoulos, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, UGT, Germany 11:30 ANALYZING ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES BY COMBINING EDDY COVARIANCE, LYSIMETERS, SAP FLOW AND FIELD SPECTROSCOPY: THE MANIP EXPERIMENT Mirco Migliavacca, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Germany 12:00 PRACTICAL SESSION: BUILDING UP AN IoT NETWORK Lysimeter-SapFlow_WS 18-20March2020_program
Registration and workshop fee:
With registration the fee is 225 € for full registration and 150 € for students (75 € / 50 € for one day).
The workshop fee includes lunches, coffee and cake and the participation of the Bavarian evening.
Program
Wednesday, March 18th 09:00 – 10:00 REGISTRATION 10:00 WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION Sascha Reth, UGT, Germany 10:15 Lysimeter and Ecotrons – Overview and case studies Sascha Reth, UGT, Germany 11:00 coffee break 11:30 Lysimeters – Lower Boundary and soil monolith excavation Stefan Engelhardt, UGT, Germany 12:15 Special applications at lysimeter research Christian Heerdt, UGT, Germany 13:00 Lunch 14:00 Dual-point-dendrometer – tracking growth, water status, and osmotic processes in trees Roman Zweifel, Zweifel Consulting, Switzerland 14:45 DEMONSTRATION OF UNDISTURBED EXCAVATION OF MONOLITHS and READY-TO-GO INSTALLATION 16:30 JOINT TOUR: THE NEW ECOLAB and MODERN LAB LYSIMETER 17:30 Group discussion 20:00 Bavarian Evening
Thursday, March 19th 09:00 Influences of green roofs – a comparison to conventional roofs Johannes Haus, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Germany 9:30 Flux estimates at the dry side of the water cycle – observations from lysimeter stations in a Mediterranean ecosystem Sinikka Paulus, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Germany 10:00 Improving bioenergy yield under drought stress from field to lab Esther Singer, EcoPOD Science Program Lead in Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Berkeley, USA 10:30 coffee break 11:00 Ecological studies toward future sustainable agroecosystems George Kowalchuk, Utrecht University, Netherlands 11:30 Lysimeter study on transport and degradation behavior of polyfluoroalkyl substances Ann-Sophie Heldele, Bavarian Environment Agency, Germany 12:00 Lunch 13:00 Soil processes affected by irrigation with either treated or untreated wastewater irrigation: a lysimeter experiment in Mexico Christina Siebe, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico 13:30 The right lysimeter for the special need Sascha Reth, UGT, Germany 14:00 Concept of a Combined Hydrological and Tree Physiological Monitoring at Core Level II Plots in Bavaria Stephan Raspe, Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Germany 14:30 coffee break 15:00 Applications in monitoring plant water status using sap flow and water potential Ben Umali, ICT International, Australia 15:45 Soil hydraulic limitations to transpiration Andrea Carminati, Mutez Ahmed, Gaochao Cai, University of Bayreuth, Germany 16:30 Installation of sapflow and psychrometer sensors Friday, March 20th 9:00 IoT systems for Soil, Plant and Environmental Monitoring Sam Fisher, ICT International, Australia 9:45 Configuring IoT Nodes and Networks William Bruce, ICT International, Australia 10:30 coffee break 11:00 Cooling urban heat islands – measurements on the thermal regulation effects of urban green infrastructure Laura Stratopoulos, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, UGT, Germany 11:30 Analyzing ecosystem functional responses by combining eddy covariance, lysimeters, sap flow and field spectroscopy: the MANIP experiment Mirco Migliavacca, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Germany 12:00 Practical session: building up an IoT network download the poster: Lysimeter-SapFlow_WS 18-20March2020_program
UGT & ICT International have been working closely together for many years to
bring best monitoring technologies to scientists and managers of agriculture and
the natural environment. This to enable a better understanding of water and
water fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. These topics grows in importance
as the with population pressure and climate change understanding and
management of water becomes ever more critical.
Lysimeters are a proven tool for ecosystem studies. They are the reference system
for matter and energy fluxes in rather undisturbed systems. Big enough to provide
a root space for representative plant stands, they measure precise and detailed
enough to describe fluxes at high resolution. Pesticide leaching, and greenhouse
gas emissions can be quantified for the well defined lysimeter volume.
IoT Monitoring Solutions for the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.
ICT International manufactures instrumentation which is key to measuring the
soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, enabling in-situ real time measurement of sap
flow (SFM1) and plant water potential (PSY1) in absolute terms. ICT International
products are specifically designed to be deployed in rugged field environments,
use low-power, have wireless and internet connection. These instruments have
been installed around the world – from the Amazon rainforests to the Canadian
Permafrost.
In 2019 ICT International released a suite of integrated IoT enabled sensing solutions
designed specifically to measure the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. IoT
monitoring systems offer new opportunities for monitoring and management in
many diverse applications such as ecophysiology research, commercial orchard
production and lysimeters.
This workshop will provide an overview of these new technologies and training
in their use. Also future monitoring and management opportunities from IoT
technologies.
UGT & ICT International have been working closely together for many years to bring best monitoring technologies to scientists and managers of agriculture and the natural environment. This to enable a better understanding of water and water fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. These topics grows in importance as the with population pressure and climate change understanding and management of water becomes ever more critical.
Lysimeters are a proven tool for ecosystem studies. They are the reference system for matter and energy fluxes in rather undisturbed systems. Big enough to provide a root space for representative plant stands, they measure precise and detailed enough to describe fluxes at high resolution. Pesticide leaching, and greenhouse gas emissions can be quantified for the well defined lysimeter volume.
EcoLab
IoT Monitoring Solutions for the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.
ICT International manufactures instrumentation which is key to measuring the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, enabling in-situ real time measurement of sap flow (SFM1) and plant water potential (PSY1) in absolute terms.
ICT International products are specifically designed to be deployed in rugged field environments, use low-power, have wireless and internet connection. These instruments have been installed around the world – from the Amazon rainforests to the Canadian Permafrost.
In 2019 ICT International released a suite of integrated IoT enabled sensing solutions
designed specifically to measure the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. IoT monitoring systems offer new opportunities for monitoring and management in many diverse applications such as ecophysiology research, commercial orchard production and lysimeters.
This workshop will provide an overview of these new technologies and training in their use. Also future monitoring and management opportunities from IoT technologies. download poster:Announcement_ International Lysimeter – Sap Flow – IoT Workshop in Munich_Freising, 18th – 20thMarch 2020 Registration and workshop fee:
With registration the fee is 225 € for full registration and 150 € for students.
The workshop fee includes lunches, coffee and cake and the participation of the Bavarian evening.
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UGT feels happy to have been chosen by the Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) in Doha to provide and install a lysimeter station with three RTG Lysimeter. Sustainability a key for future…
The research of the international team of scientist who work with the lysimeter will focus on the melioration of sandy soils with biochar to improve the fertility of poor soils in desert regions and manage water supply optimal in dry regions. Easy data management a key for efficient work
The SVADSS data service from UGT enables the user to get their newest data every morning right on their desk. Automaticly created graphs gives you a quick inside of your monitoring station and you have always good overview on what´s going on in the field. Focus on science instead of digging for data. Sensible sensors – sensible working
The site was chosen on a green area of Education City in Doha. As UGT feels proud to provide best solutions with minimal impact on the study site we removed the green from the construction site first and stored it aside.
The three RTG Lysimeter could be installed carefully and after all the green was replaced and the site was immedeately in perferct shape again.
We claim nothing else than the best according our ambitious philosophy…UGT – more than standard!
Smile and sweat…
Our senior consultant for Lysimeter & Ecotrons Stefan Engelhardt, couldn´t be stopped by 40°C without shadow. His experience of about 250 installed lysimeter around the globe fits him for such challenges.
The next lysimeter for the region will follow in few weeks.
Thanks for trusting UGT!
Get the chance to meet at the ASA, CSSA & SSSA Annual Meeting in San Antonio at the booth of Soilmoisture. UGT is presenting the range of the world leading weighing lysimeters. At the booth we have a Ready-To-Go-Lysimeter.
Pass by and have a chat with our managing director Dr. Sascha Reth about your projects. See you at booth no. 328
VIETWATER 2019 was for UGT a very good opportunity to assess the Vietnamese market and to get to know the players in this field. The event presented latest technologies on the one hand by domestic and also by foreign international exhibitors. So, we got a good picture concerning the development of water sector and related environmental monitoring sector in Vietnam. VIETWATER HO CHI MINH 2019 – was the Leading International event in this field in Vietnam.
There are big challenges to be resolved caused by growing industrialization and high growth of population in big cities. So, the Vietnamese government launched a big investment program and counts on cooperation of Vietnamese partners with foreign partners. Over 400 exhibitors on 10,000sqm exhibition space together with 15 international group pavilions were present at the Vietwater.
Beside the German Pavilion there were country pavilions from Australia, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, German, Korea, Poland, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. UGT made use of the good business environment given by the booth organized under the brand „Made in Germany“supported by German Ministry BMWE.
With an active invitation policy and marketing efforts UGT organized in advance during the preparation of the exhibition already the success at the booth.
Already on the arrival day UGT had a first meeting at the office of the Delegation of German Industry and Commerce in Vietnam in Ho Chi Minh City. The Delegate and head of the Chamber, Mr. Walde gave valuable information on market conditions and customer contacts.
An impressive opening ceremony was the kickoff of the exhibition.
Altogether more than 50 valuable contacts at the booth
As worldwide there are hardly very special commercial exhibitions for Monitoring equipment in soil science, for UGT at this exhibition it was valuable that Vietwater 2019 was held in conjunction with Waste & Environment Technology Vietnam 2019 (WETV). A target of Vietnam is: „moving towards greening journey in Vietnam “, that gives impetus on the further cooperation between UGT, German universities, medium sized companies and Vietnamese universities. So UGT was especially glad on the visit of Prof. Bui Xuan Nam, Dr. Nguyen Quoc Long and PhD Nguyen Anh Tuan from the Hanoi university of Mining and Geology to discuss a joint project concerning a joint German Vietnamese project concerning environmentally aware and sustainable mining of copper resources in Vietnam The leading University partner in Germany is TUBA Freiberg. UGT is proud to be a partner in this project. Commercially activity and science cooperation
Very promising talks had UGT with the scientific team around Prof. Junghoon Lee from South Korea from the school of Mechanical & Aerospace Eng. about joint activities and developments.
Many contacts with trading companies in Vietnam help UGT to define the adequate partner for the future work.
Already on Saturday the 9th of November UGT discussed a new tender concerning our RTG lysimeters in Vietnam.
We say goodbye and say thank you to our very good hosts thank for the cooperation with our wonderful assistants at the booth from the university of Ho Chi Minh city Ms. Ngoc Tran Thi Thanh.
We are impressed by the lively and busting city and wish to the thousands of Vietnamese people on their bikes in the city always safe and good journey!
UGT looks forward to the further work with Vietnam.
Lysimeters determine the water balance under natural or controlled conditions. So they are an important tool for water-balance studies in agriculture, forestry and other environmental settings. One can quantify the actual evaporation from a bare soil or actual evapotranspiration from a soil covered by vegetation. They monitor the movement, the storage and the degradation of contaminants in the soil, the soil water and soil gas. By the help of lysimeters it is possible to monitor the correlation between the soil, environmental influences and plant parameters such as root growth or harvest.
In the last 20 years it was UGT who set new mile stones with the new container stations of PE material, Patent-Nr.: 19907463.1-52. These stations were a big step forward in technology. We developed a scientific tool that is advantageous because the PE is more dense than concrete on the one hand, the stations are removable, easier to install than concrete, one needs no building allowance and they are sustainable because one can do different experiments at different places and always use the same container station.
More than 300 big projects have been realized in the last 20 years.
Highlights in the UGT project line were for instance the biggest European lysimeter facility at the Zurich-Reckenholz location with altogether 72 monolithically excavated lysimeters. This station was built in order to do research concerning nitrate leaching to groundwater.
In France, in Homécourt there is a very fruitful cooperation with UGT with 24 weighable lysimeters being used in research at the GISFI. GISFI is a leading player in the field of phytoremediation. The cooperation has been continued over the last years with new lysimeters and new installation in the field of modern new sensors and the implementation of new add ons.
In 2014 in the margin of the world soil science congress in South Korea Jeju it was UGT who could hand over the biggest Asian lysimeter station in Jeonju Korea with altogether 92 lysimeters. There the scientists are predominantly in the research of rice plants.
It was in 2018 when UGT installed in the margin of the International project CLIENT II, within a BMBF Joint Project with partners like Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover – LUH,
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg- MLU, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ, Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer GmbH & Co. KG – Amazone and partners from Kazachstan that the first weighable lysimeter was installed there in order to do research in the field of land management and water flux processes. Also the first year-round-operation is planned by using a special snow-cutter.
The university of Mexiko bought in 2019 3 twofold lysimeter stations and UGT combined the installation with a workshop and introduced the various working scenarios.
China is a very good international market for us, and we are proud to have installed with our partners different projects among them the lysimeter station in Shixia. Just now in October we will install 3x 2-fold lysimeter stations in Nanjing.
Many exciting projects have been done in Germany in our home market – please see our references at our website.
New developments of UGT are the RTG lysimeter to be combined if the customer wants it with a Eco-lab of UGT
With the exciting scientific Ecounit where we had the chance to work with the scientists of IDIV we had for the first time the chance to combine our knowledge in the field of lysimeters with new scientific apparatus in the atmosphere and create a new equipment that enables research concerning climate change in the field of fauna and flora that means plants as well as for instance insects.
It is the scientists of our partners and customers in the universities in Germany and abroad as well as the experienced staff of UGT in project planning, service, production, installation and sales and marketing that enable these wonderful projects. We are proud to announce that we can now count among our team members our new colleague Mr. Stefan Engelhardt who joined the team in September 2019 as senior consultant – lysimeter and ecotrons.
Stefan Engelhardt studied geography, chemistry and soil science at the University of Göttingen. He started his career in an office for landscape architecture. After that he worked for the University of Bayreuth. His field of working were studies of ecosystem functions and climate change effects. For that purpose he set up a network of monitoring stations in Europe and South America. Before he came to UGT he was working already for 10 years as an international expert for lysimeter systems and monitoring solutions all over the world. Based on this broad background of his large experience and outstanding expertise Stefan Engelhardt can provide best consultancy and support for science, research and applied studies. Stefan has gained a lot of experience and was part of the TERENO team and participated with his work within TERENO lysimeter-network in Germany which observes and investigates in the field of soil processes and plant diversity. We look forward to the joint work and welcome Stefan very warm in our team.
LWF – precipitation collector – with 200 cm² collection area for forest and agriculture
Photo credit: UGT GmbH
UGT offer the standard precipitation collector, developed at the Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, exclusively.
advantages
Protection against contamination by leaves, needles etc. in the collecting bottle is prevented
Minimized evaporation
Effective fine filter is removable
Cleaning and handling: the individual parts can be cleaned or replaced by hand.
Easy handling
Low price
Standard system enables the comparison of precipitation between different users
Photo credit: UGT GmbH
Photo credit: UGT GmbH
Photo credit: UGT GmbH
field of application
The LWF – precipitation collector – 200 is used to collect and store the precipitation for analysis of the precipitation quantity and quality in the laboratory.
technical specifications
The collecting diameter is 200 mm and the surface is 314 cm2. The precipitation collector is suspended at a height of 1 m in a standpipe with base. The precipitation collector is made of polyethylene. The sampling volume is 5 or 4.4. liter.
Photo credit: UGT GmbH
Photo credit: UGT GmbH
protective filter
A protective filter prevents the entry of dirt and at the same time the evaporation from the collection volume, so that the concentration of the substances dissolved in the water is maintained.
Photo credit: UGT GmbH
adapted designs for every application site
design forest: Collecting funnel and collecting bottle are connected by a screw connection for sun protected installation sites like forests.
design agriculture: Collecting funnel and collecting bottle are connected by a hose connection for sun exposed installation sites. The collection bottle is stored in the soil (base pipe) and thus the collected precipitation is cooled and evaporation is reduced.
Photo credit: UGT GmbH
accessories
To prevent contamination by bird excrement’s we recommend using the bird defense ring.
recommendations
The World Meteorological
Organization recommends collectors like this for measurements with tipping counters
in order to compensate for errors caused by the principle. Since precipitation
varies strongly, 4 rain collectors per tipping counter are recommended.
Dear partners and customers, we want to announce now a change in the
top management of our company! The succession in the company has been
successfully completed, change and continuation of an intensive work over
decades within the frame of the scientific community as a SME always dedicated
to the demands of our customers.’
Bernd Fürst, Managing Director of UGT until 2019, has now handed over responsibility!
Dr. Sascha Reth, Managing Shareholder of UGT since 2012 and Dr. Marco Reiche, new Managing Director of UGT are now since the first of June 2019 also legally the new top management team. First of all we want to express how grateful we are that Bernd Fürst has worked dedicated and successfully over so many years for UGT and developed the company together with the work team to a highly renowned specialist in environmental monitoring technique. As one of the founders of the company together with Dr. Manfred Seyfarth – both are still busy in the company as consultants and give valuable experience for many projects.
The new managing team, Dr. Sascha Reth as our experienced head of the
company together with Dr. Marco Reiche want to thank first of all you, dear customers,
for the trust and reliable partnership over so many years! We will continue the
relationship with all our agents and partners and set new mile stones with even
more innovative products and with a strong UGT team. In production,
development, sales and service we will further improve our performance!
Take our word for it
– our credo – satisfied customers because of precise results in measuring technique!
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